Laravel Interview Questions

Laravel is a free and open-source PHP framework that is rigid and easy to comprehend. This follows a model-view-controller design pattern. This framework reuses the current components of the varying framework that helps to create applications. These web applications are thus designed to be more pragmatic and structured. Laravel is known for offering the best set of functionalities incorporating the fundamental features of the PHP framework, such as Yii, CodeIgniter, and other programming languages, such as Ruby on rails. Laravel comes with several rich features that enhance web development speed.

The demand for Laravel specialists is growing significantly, and to find the best talent, employers ask several Laravel interview questions and answers. Enterprises prefer it because it makes several tasks a lot easier. It helps to save a lot of time if you want to build a website from scratch. Additionally, a Laravel website is safe, reliable, and prevents any type of web attack.

Laravel offers several robust database tools, ORM, known as the Eloquent, and a built-in mechanism for developing database seeders and migrations. With the command-line tool, developers can easily bootstrap new controllers, models, and other primary components. It will then speed up the overall application development.

Facts

Laravel framework became popular after the release of version 3. This version had the command line interface, database support, and migrations. The platform also introduced the packaging system known as the bundles.

The first stable version of the platform came in June 2011, the current stable version is version 5.6, which came in 2018, and the latest version is version 9, which came in February 2022. The common uses of the command line interface are the package assets, database migration, and generating boilerplate code for the latest models, controllers, and migrations. This feature takes the burden off the development of creating a proper coding skeleton. You can also extend the capabilities and functionality of Artisan by implementing several new personalized commands.

We have provided the best and easiest Laravel interview questions for beginners that can help you to secure a good job. The question list goes from easy to advanced Laravel interview questions and answers.

Know more

Laravel is a free and open-source PHP framework that is rigid and easy to comprehend. This follows a model-view-controller design pattern. This framework reuses the current components of the varying framework that helps to create applications. These web applications are thus designed to be more pragmatic and structured. it is popular for offering the best set of functionalities incorporating the fundamental features of the PHP framework, such as Yii, CodeIgniter, and other programming languages, such as Ruby on rails. It comes with several rich features that enhance web development speed.

1 . What is the latest Laravel version?

The latest Laravel version is 9. It was launched on February 8th, 2022.

Define Composer.

Laravel is a popular web application framework that allows you to build dynamic websites and applications.

A composer is a tool that includes all the dependencies and libraries. It helps the user to develop a project concerning the mentioned framework. You can install the third-party libraries easily using composer.

Composer is used to manage its dependencies, which you can note in the composer.json file and place in the source folder.

2 . What is the templating engine used in Laravel?

The Laravel Blade templating engine is a powerful piece of the framework that allows you to easily create powerful templates with a syntax that’s simple and intuitive.

The Blade templating engine provides structure, such as conditional statements and loops. To create a blade template, you just need to create a view file and save it with a .blade.PHP extension instead of a .php extension. The blade templates in the /resources/view directory. The main advantage of using the blade template is that we can create the master template, which other files can extend.

3 . What are available databases that Laravel support?

Laravel has you covered. The database configuration file is app/config/database.php. You can define your database connections in this file and specify which you should use as a reference. Examples for all of the supported database systems are provided in this file.

It supports four database systems: MySQL, Postgres, SQLite, and SQL Server.

4 . What is an artisan?

The artisan script is a command-line interface in Laravel. It’s the first thing you’ll see when you run composer create-project, or PHP artisan serve.

Artisan is made up of commands. Moreover, it is one of your best friends for developing and managing your applications. You can view a list of all available Artisan commands by running PHP artisan list.

5 . How to define environment variables?

In Linux, you have probably become familiar with environment variables. You can check the available environment variables with the printenv command.

To define an environment variable in Linux, use the export command followed by your new variable name: export name=Simplilearn.

The .env file holds your env variables for your current environment. The DotEnv Library powers it.

As the .env file often holds sensitive information like API keys or database credentials, you should never commit it to Git and push it to GitHub.

6 . Can we use Laravel for Full Stack Development (Frontend + Backend)?

Laravel is a great choice for building full-stack web applications. With Laravel, you can create a backend that will be scalable. Also, the frontend can be built using blade files or SPAs using Vue.js, which is provided by default. But it also provide APIs for a SPA application.

7 . How to put Laravel applications in maintenance mode?

Laravel makes it easy to manage your deployment with minimal effort. It allows you to quickly and easily disable your application while updating or performing maintenance when you need to make changes to your server or database.

To enable maintenance mode, the following are some helpful laravel commands related to maintenance mode:

# enable maintenance mode

php artisan down

# disable maintenance mode

php artisan up

# if you want the client to refresh

# page after a specified number of seconds

php artisan down --retry=60

8 . What are the default route files?

You can define Laravel routes in your routes/web.php file or create a separate file for other types of routes.

You can define all routes in your route files, located in the routes directory. The Laravel framework automatically loads these files. The routes/web.php file defines routes for your web interface. These routes are in the web middleware group, providing features like session state and CSRF protection. The routes in routes/api.php are stateless and set in the API middleware group.

For most applications, you will begin by defining routes in your routes/web.php file. You may access the routes described in routes/web.php by entering the designated route’s URL in your browser or through one of your controllers’ actions or methods.

9 . What are migrations in Laravel?

Migration is a feature of Laravel that allows you to modify and share the application’s database schema. It will enable you to alter the table by adding a new column or deleting an existing column.

If you have ever had to tell a teammate to add a column to their local database schema manually, you’ve faced the problem that database migrations solve. Migrations are like version control for your database, allowing your team to modify and share the application’s database schema. Migrations are typically with it’s schema builder to build your application’s database schema.

The Laravel Schema facade provides database agnostic support for creating and manipulating tables across all of Laravel’s supported database systems.

10 . What are seeders?

Laravel’s database seeding feature allows you to quickly insert data into your database. It is helpful for development environments where you may not have access to your production database.

Laravel includes the ability to seed your database with data. By default, a Database seeder class is defined for you. You may use the call method from this class to run other seed classes. All seed classes are in the database/seeders directory.

A seeder class only contains one method: run. This method is popular when you execute the db:seed Artisan command. You may use the query builder to insert data or Eloquent model factories.

11 . What are the factories?

Laravel has an excellent model factory feature that allows you to build fake data for your models. It is beneficial for testing and seeding counterfeit data into your database to see your code in action before any accurate user data comes in.

By default, it’s database seeding feature will create a new row in the database table and insert the value into each field. But sometimes, you might want a few extra areas or some sort of random string instead of a numeric value. That’s where model factories come in handy!

Model Factories allow you to create a new model instance using their rules. You can do anything from creating an empty model instance to creatinbuildingth all fields filled out with values or even random ones!

12 . How to implement soft delete?

Laravel 5.6 has a new feature called soft deletes. When you delete the soft deleted models from our database, a deleted_at timestamp sets on the record.

To enable soft deletes for a model, you have to specify the soft delete property on the model like this:

Use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

Use SoftDeletes; in our model property.

After that, when you use the delete() query, PHP will not remove records from the database. Then a deleted_at timestamp sets on the record.

13 . What are Models?

Laravel is a framework that follows the Model-View-Controller design pattern. All your models, views, and controllers are in their directories, making it easy to keep track of everything.

You’ll use controllers to handle user requests and retrieve data by leveraging models. Models interact with your database and recover your objects’ information. Finally, views render pages.

It comes with a fantastic, built-in command line interface called Artisan CLI that provides complete commands to help you build your application.

14 . What is the Laravel Framework?

Laravel is an open-source PHP framework, which is robust and easy to understand. It follows a model-view-controller design pattern. It reuses the existing components of different frameworks which helps in creating a web application. The web application thus designed is more structured and pragmatic.

Laravel offers a rich set of functionalities that incorporates the basic features of PHP frameworks like CodeIgniter, Yii, and other programming languages like Ruby on Rails. It has a very rich set of features that will boost the speed of web development.

With Laravel, you can build applications for any type of business or organization. Whether it’s eCommerce, social media marketing, or an online ticketing system, you can create any type of web application with it because it’s flexible and scalable enough to accommodate any size project easily.

15 . What’s New in Laravel 8?

Laravel 8.0 is the latest version of Laravel Framework. Laravel 8.0 was released on September 8th, 2020, with the latest and unique features making it one of the top frameworks in today’s world. This latest version brings many new features, such as Laravel Jetstream, model directory, migration squashing, rate limiting improvements, model factory classes, time testing helpers, dynamic blade components, and more.

Following are some of the new features in Laravel 8

Time Testing Helpers
Models Directory
Migration Squashing
Laravel Jetstream
Rate Limiting Improvements
Model Factory Classes
Dynamic Blade Components

16 . How to enable query log?

Our first step should be

DB::connection()->enableQueryLog();
$querieslog = DB::getQueryLog();
dd($querieslog)

17 . What is Middleware in Laravel?

Middleware in laravel is a platform that works as a bridge between the request and the response. The main aim of middleware is to provide the mechanism for investigating HTTP requests entering into your application. For instance, middleware in laravel ensures that the user of your particular application is authentic. If they find that the user is not authentic, it will redirect the user to the main login page of the application.

Middleware in laravel also helps you to handle a request from a user who has already been authenticatic. For example, if you want to display information about a user who is well establish, then middleware will help you by providing this functionality within your application.

18 . What is reverse Routing in Laravel?

Reverse routing is the process that you can use to generate the URLs based on the names or symbols. It is also popular as backtracking or reverse mapping.

You can do reverse routing in two ways:

Using route parameters in routes
Using route names in routes

When you use the URL structure, you can simply add a symbol or name at the end of your URL. It will let you create more readable URLs in your application and make it easier for users to understand them.

Route:: get(‘list’, ‘blog@list’);
{{ HTML::link_to_action('blog@list') }}

19 . What is a Service container?

A Service container is one of the most powerful tools that manages dependencies over the class and perform dependency injections.

A service container works as a registry to keep track of all the classes in use within your application.
In addition, it also helps in binding interfaces to concrete classes.

20 . What is Auth and it’s use?

Laravel Auth is an in-built functionality provided by Laravel to identify the user credentials with the database. It takes input parameters like username and password for user identification. If the settings match, then the user is authentic.

If you want to authenticate your laravel application, then you can use the auth function.

21 . How to mock a static facade method in Laravel?

Laravel facades provide a static interface to classes available inside the application’s service container. They provide a simple way to access complex objects and methods. Also, they’re often centralize the configuration of those objects.

Facades can be mocked in Laravel using the shouldRecieve method, which returns an instance of a facade mock.

$value = Cache::get('key');
Cache::shouldReceive('get')->once()->with('key')->andReturn('value');

22 . What is composer lock in laravel?

After you run composer install in your project directory, the Composer will generate a composer.lock file. It will record all the dependencies and sub-dependencies installed by the composer.json.

23 . How to use skip() and take() in Laravel Query?

If you’re looking for a way to limit the number of results in your query, skip() and take() are two great options!

skip() is used to skip over several results before continuing with the query. Take() is used to specify how many results you want from the query.

For example, if you want to get only five results from a query that usually returns 10, you’d use skip(5). If you’re going to start at the 6th result in the question and get everything after it (skipping 1), then you’d use take(1).

24 . What do you understand about Eloquent ORM?

Eloquent ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is one of the main features of the Laravel framework. It may be defined as an advanced PHP implementation of the active record pattern.

Active record pattern is an architectural pattern which is found in software. It is responsible for keeping in-memory object data in relational databases.

Eloquent ORM is also responsible for providing the internal methods at the same time when enforcing constraints on the relationship between database objects. Eloquent ORM represents database tables as classes, with their object instances tied to single table rows, while following the active record pattern.

25 . What is Query Builder in Laravel?

Laravel’s Query Builder provides more direct access to the database, alternative to the Eloquent ORM. It doesn’t require SQL queries to be written directly. Instead, it offers a set of classes and methods which are capable of building queries programmatically. It also allows specific caching of the results of the executed queries.

26 . Write down the names of some aggregated methods provided by Laravel’s query builder.

Some of the methods that Query Builder provides are:

count()
max()
min()
avg()
sum()

27 . What is routing?

All Laravel routes are defined in route files, which are stored in the routes directory. These files are loaded by the MVC framework. The routes/web.php files define routes that are available for the web interface. Those routes are allotted as the web middleware group, which provide features such as session state and CSRF protection. The routes available in routes/api.php are stateless and are allotted as the API middleware group. For most of the applications, one should start by defining routes in routes/web.php file.

28 . How will you describe Bundles in Laravel?

In Laravel, Bundles are also known as Packages. Packages are the primary way to add more functionality to Laravel. Packages can be anything, from a great way to work with dates like Carbon, or an entire BDD testing framework like Behat. Laravel also provides support for creating custom packages.

There are different types of packages. Some of them are stand-alone packages. This means they can work with any PHP framework. The frameworks like Carbon and Behat are examples of stand-alone packages. Other packages are intended for use with Laravel. These packages may contain routes, controllers, views, and configurations which are mainly designed to enhance a Laravel application.

29 . Does Laravel support caching?

Yes, Laravel provides support for popular caching backends like Memcached and Redis.

By default, Laravel is configured to use file cache driver, which is used to store the serialized or cached objects in the file system. For huge projects, it is suggested to use Memcached or Redis.

30 . How to clear cache in Laravel?

The syntax to clear cache in Laravel is given below:

php artisan cache: clear
php artisan config: clear
php artisan cache: clear

31 . What do you understand about database migrations in Laravel? How can we use it?

Migrations can be defined as version control for the database, which allows us to modify and share the application’s database schema easily. Migrations are commonly paired with Laravel’s schema builder to build the application’s database schema easily.

A migration file includes two methods, up() and down(). A method up() is used to add new tables, columns or indexes to the database and the down() method is used to reverse the operations performed by the up() method.

We can generate a migration and its file by using the make:migration.

Syntax

php artisan make:migration blog

By using it, a current date blog.php file will be created in database/migrations.

32 . How can we get data between two dates using Query in Laravel?

We can use the whereBetween() method to retrieve the data between two dates with Query.

Example

Blog::whereBetween('created_at', [$date1, $date2])->get();

33 . What do you know about CSRF tokens in Laravel? How can someone turn off CSRF protection for a specific route?

CSRF protection stands for Cross-Site Request Forgery protection. CSRF detects unauthorized attacks on web applications by the unauthorized users of a system. The built-in CSRF plug-in is used to create CSRF tokens so that it can verify all the operations and requests sent by an active authenticated user.

To turn off CSRF protection for a specific route, we can add that specific URL or Route in $except variable which is present in the app\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken.phpfile.

Example

classVerifyCsrfToken extends BaseVerifier  
{  
protected $except = [  
          'Pass here your URL',  
      ];  
}

34 . List some official packages provided by Laravel?

There are some official packages provided by Laravel which are given below:

Cashier

Laravel cashier implements an expressive, fluent interface to Stripe’s and Braintree subscription billing services. It controls almost all of the boilerplate subscription billing code you are dreading writing. Moreover, the cashier can also control coupons, subscription quantities, swapping subscriptions, cancellation grace periods, and even generate invoice PDFs.

Envoy

Laravel Envoy is responsible for providing a clean, minimal syntax for defining frequent tasks that we run on our remote servers. Using Blade style syntax, one can quickly arrange tasks for deployment, Artisan commands, and more. Envoy only provides support for Mac and Linux.

Passport

Laravel is used to create API authentication to act as a breeze with the help of Laravel passport. It further provides a full Oauth2 server implementation for application in a matter of minutes. Passport is usually assembled on top of League OAuth2 server which is maintained by Alex Bilbie.

Scout

Laravel Scout is used for providing a simple, driver-based solution for adding full-text search to the eloquent models. Using model observers, Scout automatically keeps search indexes in sync with eloquent records.

Socialite

Laravel Socialite is used for providing an expressive, fluent interface to OAuth authentication with Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Linkedln, etc. It controls almost all the boilerplate social authentication code that you are dreading writing.

35 . What do you understand by Unit testing?

Unit testing is built-in testing provided as an integral part of Laravel. It consists of unit tests which detect and prevent regressions in the framework. Unit tests can be run through the available artisan command-line utility.

26 . What do you know about Facades in Laravel? Explain.

Laravel Facades provide static-like interface classes which are available in the application’s service container. Laravel self-ships with several available facades, gives access to almost all features of Laravel. Facades also help to access a service directly from the container itself. It is in the Illuminate\Support\Facades namespace. Hence, it is easy to use.

Example

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;  
     Route::get('/cache', function () {  
return Cache::get('PutkeyNameHere');  
}

37 . How can we check Laravel’s current version?

One can easily check the current version of Laravel installation using the -version option of artisan command.

Php artisan -version

38 . How will you explain the dd() function in Laravel?

dd stands for “Dump and Die.” Laravel’s dd() function work as a helper function. It also works to dump a variable’s contents to the browser and prevent the further script execution.

Example

dd($array);

39 . How will you explain Events in Laravel?

An event is an activity or occurrence recognized and handled by the program. Events in Laravel provide simple observer implementations which allow us to subscribe and listen for events within our application. The event classes are in app/Events, while their listeners are in app/Listeners of our application. You can also generate them using Artisan console commands. A single event may contain multiple listeners that do not depend on each other.

There are some events examples in Laravel which are:

Generally, registers a new user.
Generally, posts a new comment.
User login/logout.
A new product is added.

40 . What are the validations in Laravel?

Validations are approaches that Laravel use to validate the incoming data within the application.

They are a handy way to ensure that data is in a clean. It also expects format before it enters into the database. Laravel consists of several different ways to validate the incoming data of the application. By default, the base controller class of Laravel uses a ValidatesRequests trait to validate all the incoming HTTP requests with the help of powerful validation rules.

41 . What do you understand by Lumen?

Lumen is a PHP micro-framework that works on Laravel’s top components. It is created by Taylor Otwell (creator of Laravel). It is for building Laravel micro-services and blazing fast APIs. Also, it is one of the fastest micro-frameworks available. Lumen is not a complete web framework like Laravel and used for creating APIs only. Therefore, it excludes most of the components, such as HTTP sessions, cookies, and also templating. Lumen provides support for features such as logging, routing, caching queues, validation, error handling, middleware, dependency injection, controllers, blade templating, command scheduler, database abstraction, the service container, and Eloquent ORM, etc.

One can install Lumen using composer by running the command given below:

composer create-project --prefer-distlaravel/lumen blog

42 . Which template engine Laravel uses?

The blade is a simple but powerful templating engine provided with Laravel. There is no restriction to use PHP codes in the views. It compiles all the blade views into simple PHP code and also caches untill it modify them. Blade adds effectively zero overhead to our application. Blade view files use the .blade.phpfile extension. Also, it saves them in the resources/views directory.

43 . Explain the Service container and its advantages.

Service container in Laravel is one of the most powerful features. It is an important, powerful tool for resolving class dependencies and performing dependency injection in Laravel. It is also popular as IoC container.

Dependency injection is a term which essentially means that class dependencies are “injected” into the class by the constructor or, in some cases,” setter” methods.

Advantages of Service Container

It can handle class dependencies on object creation.
It can combine interfaces to concrete classes.

44 . How will you explain homesteading?

Homestead is an official, pre-packaged, vagrant virtual machine which provides Laravel developers all the necessary tools to develop Laravel out of the box. It also includes Ubuntu, Gulp, Bower, and other development tools which are useful in developing full-scale web applications. It provides a development environment. You can use it without the additional need to install PHP, a web server, or any other server software on the machine.

45 . What are the differences between Laravel and Codeigniter?

Laravel	Codeigniter
Laravel is a framework with an expressive, elegant syntax.	Codeigniter is a powerful framework based on PHP.
Laravel is built for the latest version of PHP.	Codeigniter is an older, more mature framework.
Laravel is more object-oriented as compared to Codeigniter.	Codeigniter is less object-oriented as compared to Laravel.
Laravel can produce model-view-controller, active-record, observer, dependency injection, singleton, restful, façade, event-driven, MTV, and HMVC design patterns.	Codeigniter can produce active-record, model-view-controller, and HMVC design patterns.

46 . How can we get the user’s IP address in Laravel?

We can get the user’s IP address using:

public function getUserIp(Request $request){  
// Gettingip address of remote user  
return $user_ip_address=$request->ip();  
}

47 . How can we use the custom table in Laravel?

We can easily use custom table in Laravel by overriding protected $table property of Eloquent. Here, is the sample:

class User extends Eloquent{  
protected $table="my_user_table";  
}

48 . List available types of relationships in Laravel Eloquent.

Types of relationship in Laravel Eloquent are:

1) One To One

2) One To Many

3) Many To Many

4) Has Many Through

5) Polymorphic Relations.

49 . Name databases supported by Laravel.

Laravel supports the following databases:

PostgreSQL
SQL Server
SQLite
MySQL